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101.
J Theodore Phillips Edward Fox William Grainger Dianne Tuccillo Shifang Liu Aaron Deykin 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):126
Background
The ability to self-inject in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with a reduced risk of missed injections and drug discontinuation, and a beneficial effect on patients' independence. However, injection anxiety, needle phobia and disease-related disability are major barriers to a patient's ability to self-administer treatment. Use of an autoinjector may improve patients' ability to self-inject. This study evaluated the safe and effective use of Avonex Pen™ (prefilled pen), a single use autoinjector, for intramuscular delivery of interferon beta-1a (IM IFNβ-1a, Avonex) in MS patients. 相似文献102.
Although seedling herbivory is an important selective filter in many plant communities, how and why seedlings are selected
is poorly understood. Here, we examined the putative role of herbivore olfaction in dictating seedling selection. Using a
Y-tube olfactometer we compared snail (Helix aspersa) preference for pellets derived from 14-day-old macerated seedlings of nine European grassland (‘Test’) species against standard
(‘Control’) pellets derived from lettuce. Snail movement towards ‘Test’ pellets was strongly correlated with seedling acceptability
(Pearson’s r
2 = 0.86, P > 0.01) and where snails exhibited a positive choice for the ‘Test’ species, the choice was made more quickly for highly
acceptable species (r
2 = 0.86, P > 0.01). In elucidating a link between seedling acceptability and olfactory response to macerated seedlings, our study suggests
that even from an early ontogenetic stage plant selection by snails may be governed by olfactory cues. This finding highlights
the need for research on the role of plant volatiles in plant–herbivore interactions to consider more fully interactions operating
at the seedling stage. 相似文献
103.
David C. Queller 《Biology & philosophy》2011,26(6):905-913
Biologists and philosophers differ on whether selection should be analyzed at the level of the gene or of the individual.
In Peter Godfrey-Smith’s book, Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection, he argues that individuals can be good members
of Darwinian populations, whereas genes rarely can. I take issue with parts of this view, and suggest that Godfrey-Smith’s
scheme for thinking about Darwinian populations is also applicable to populations of genes. 相似文献
104.
Romeu Cardoso Guimarães 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》2011,41(4):357-371
An investigation of the biosynthesis pathways producing glycine and serine was necessary to clarify an apparent inconsistency
between the self-referential model (SRM) for the formation of the genetic code and the model of coevolution of encodings and
of amino acid biosynthesis routes. According to the SRM proposal, glycine was the first amino acid encoded, followed by serine.
The coevolution model does not state precisely which the first encodings were, only presenting a list of about ten early assignments
including the derivation of glycine from serine—this being derived from the glycolysis intermediate glycerate, which reverses
the order proposed by the self-referential model. Our search identified the glycine-serine pathway of syntheses based on one-carbon
sources, involving activities of the glycine decarboxylase complex and its associated serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which
is consistent with the order proposed by the self-referential model and supports its rationale for the origin of the genetic
code: protein synthesis was developed inside an early metabolic system, serving the function of a sink of amino acids; the
first peptides were glycine-rich and fit for the function of building the early ribonucleoproteins; glycine consumption in
proteins drove the fixation of the glycine-serine pathway. 相似文献
105.
Mamta Singhvi Dipti Joshi Shalaka Gaikaiwari Digambar V. Gokhale 《Indian journal of microbiology》2010,50(1):97-100
Method for production and regeneration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii protoplasts are described. The protoplasts were obtained by treatment with a mixture of lysozyme and mutanolysin in protoplast
buffer at pH 6.5 with different osmotic stabilizers. The protoplasts were regenerated on deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) with
various osmotic stabilizers. Maximum protoplast formation was obtained in protoplast buffer with sucrose as an osmotic stabilizer
using a combination of lysozyme (1 mg/ml) and mutanolysin (10 μg/ml). Maximum protoplast regeneration was obtained on MRS
medium with sucrose (0.5 M) as an osmotic stabilizer. The regeneration medium was also applicable to other species of lactobacilli
as well. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on protoplast formation and efficient regeneration in case of L. delbrueckii. 相似文献
106.
107.
Philippos Peidis Thomas Giannakouros Matthew E Burow Robert W Williams Robert E Scott 《BMC systems biology》2010,4(1):14
Background
The 250 kDa P2P-R protein (also known as PACT and Rbbp6) was cloned over a decade ago and was found to bind both the p53 and Rb1 tumor suppressor proteins. In addition, P2P-R has been associated with multiple biological functions, such as mitosis, mRNA processing, translation and ubiquitination. In the current studies, the online GeneNetwork system was employed to further probe P2P-R biological functions. Molecular studies were then performed to confirm the GeneNetwork evaluations. 相似文献108.
Background
Recent studies point to a great diversity of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis systems with major roles in amino acid and co-factor biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and post-translational modifications of proteins by peptide tags. The least studied of these systems are those utilizing tRNAs or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAtRS) in non-ribosomal peptide ligation. 相似文献109.
Great-granny’s Garden: a living archive and a sensory garden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Since 2003, the Botanical Garden in Oslo has been involved in a project coordinated by the Norwegian Genetic Resource Centre.
The wide range of work supervised by this centre includes conservation of ornamental plants. Our garden has been responsible
for the registration and collecting of ornamentals in Southeast-Norway and has a special responsibility for the conservation
of Paeonia species and cultivars. As a result of the project, Great-granny’s Garden was opened to the public in 2008. It has two objectives.
Firstly, it shall be a living archive of Norway’s horticultural heritage. Although proven hardy, easy to grow, and long-lived,
old varieties of traditional ornamentals are rapidly disappearing. We aim to keep these old-fashioned varieties for sustainable
use in future horticulture and encourage people to use them in present day gardening, both in new gardens and in the restoration
of old ones. Secondly, the garden is designed as a sensory garden for people with dementia, in cooperation with Oslo’s Resource
Centre for Dementia and Psychiatric Care of the Elderly. It is enclosed by a picked fence and by shrubs, offers rest on several
benches, and has a paved and easy to follow round-walk among traditional garden elements and plants with a lush variety of
colours, forms, and scents. A sensory garden stimulates many senses, evokes pleasant emotions, brings out long-forgotten memories,
and stimulates communication. Sensory gardens are therefore considered an important tool in the therapy of dementia. 相似文献
110.